汉坦病毒是什么?
汉坦病毒属于 RNA 病毒科(Orthohantavirus 属),主要由啮齿类动物携带。人类主要通过吸入啮齿类粪便、尿液或唾液所形成的气溶胶而感染。根据病毒种属,疾病可表现为两种临床综合征之一:欧亚地区的肾综合征出血热(HFRS),或美洲地区的汉坦病毒肺综合征(HPS)。
背景
经世卫组织、CDC、ECDC、PAHO 交叉核对的参考摘要。
汉坦病毒属于 RNA 病毒科(Orthohantavirus 属),主要由啮齿类动物携带。人类主要通过吸入啮齿类粪便、尿液或唾液所形成的气溶胶而感染。根据病毒种属,疾病可表现为两种临床综合征之一:欧亚地区的肾综合征出血热(HFRS),或美洲地区的汉坦病毒肺综合征(HPS)。
与 MV Hondius 相关的病例已由南非 NICD 和荷兰 RIVM 实验室确认为安第斯型 Orthohantavirus(ANDV)。安第斯病毒是唯一已记录人传人的汉坦病毒——首次见于阿根廷南部和智利的疫情。已发表病例系列中,其引发的重症 HPS 病死率高达 30–50%。
潜伏期为 1–6 周(通常 2–4 周)。初期症状无特异性:发热、乏力、严重肌肉酸痛、头痛,有时伴胃肠道不适。4–10 天后可迅速进入心肺期,出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、肺水肿、心源性休克——后者是 HPS 的主要死因。
目前没有针对安第斯病毒的特效抗病毒药物或获批疫苗。治疗为支持性:重症监护下的氧疗、机械通气和血流动力学支持。预防的重点是避免接触啮齿类排泄物;在本次疫情中,还包括对 MV Hondius 同船乘客和船员进行接触者追踪。
本摘要仅作背景参考,不构成医疗建议。如您近期曾乘坐 MV Hondius 或认为可能暴露,请联系您所在国的卫生主管部门寻求指导。
按国家
若已知治疗国家则按治疗国列出,否则按国籍。
| 国家 | 病例 | 死亡 | 确诊 | 疑似 | 占比 | 分布 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 27% | ||
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13% | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13% | ||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13% | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7% | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7% | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7% | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7% | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7% |
时间线
2026年4月6日
发病
HON-001 在阿根廷观鸟旅行后于 MV Hondius 船上出现首发症状
2026年4月11日
死亡
HON-001 在船上去世;遗体于 4 月 24 日在圣赫勒拿岛上岸
2026年4月24日
事件
HON-002 因胃肠道症状在圣赫勒拿岛下船
2026年4月26日
死亡
HON-002 抵达南非肯普顿公园后去世。NICD 通过 PCR 确认安第斯病毒
2026年5月2日
死亡
HON-004 在船上去世;遗体仍在船上
2026年5月4日
官方
世卫组织发布正式 Disease Outbreak News 通报
2026年5月6日
事件
多次从佛得角空运转运至欧洲(荷兰、德国、瑞士)
2026年5月7日
官方
RIVM 确认 HON-005(LUMC)和 HON-007(Radboudumc)汉坦病毒阳性
常见问题
对汉坦病毒及本次疫情最常见问题的简明解答。
MV Hondius 是由荷兰 Oceanwide Expeditions 运营的探险邮轮,可载 108 名乘客。本次疫情之所以受到关注,是因为涉及安第斯型 orthohantavirus——唯一已记录人传人的汉坦病毒——并已通过乘客出行扩散至多个国家。
该船目前位于大西洋,靠近佛得角附近,最近的几次医疗转运均在该海域进行。如需实时位置,可查询 MarineTraffic 上 IMO 9818709 的信号。
会。安第斯型 orthohantavirus(ANDV)是唯一已记录人传人的汉坦病毒,在阿根廷南部和智利的疫情中曾被观察到。因此,所有曾在船上的人员都要进行接触者追踪。
已发表的病例系列显示,安第斯病毒肺综合征的病死率为 30%–50%。心肺期始于症状出现后 4–10 天,是 HPS 的主要死因。
是的。各国卫生机构——南非 NICD、荷兰 RIVM、GGD Kennemerland、德国 RKI、瑞士 BAG、新加坡 CDA、英国 UKHSA 等——正在追踪和监测接触者。本网站的病人登记列出了已知的个体及接触者群组。
调查重点是登船前在阿根廷的可能暴露(最初为乌斯怀亚,最近为丘布特、内格罗河和内乌肯省)。安第斯病毒在阿根廷南部和智利属地方性流行。如需具体指导,请联系您所在国的卫生主管部门。
诊断通过参考实验室对血液或呼吸道样本进行 RT-PCR 检测完成。本次疫情的确认由南非 NICD、荷兰 RIVM、德国 RKI Konsiliarlabor 和日内瓦 HUG 等机构执行。
病例数据每 30 分钟从公开发布的病例文件镜像更新。登记表的每一行都链接到其一手来源——通常是世卫组织 Disease Outbreak News 通报或某国卫生主管部门的新闻发布。新闻部分聚合自官方 RSS 源和主要通讯社。
登记表
已登记 15 名患者 · 每行均链接至一手来源
Index case. Adult Dutch male ~70. Husband of HON-002. Onset 6 Apr 2026 with fever, headache, mild diarrhoea on board; developed respiratory distress and died on board 11 Apr 2026. No microbiological tests performed; cause of death not laboratory-confirmed. Body removed from vessel to Saint Helena 24 Apr 2026. Couple had travelled in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay before boarding 1 Apr; Argentine investigation focuses on Ushuaia bird-watching trip. Note 8 May: Tierra del Fuego epidemiology director states exposure in Ushuaia is 'almost zero' likely; investigation now favours Chubut/Río Negro/Neuquén.
Wife of HON-001. Disembarked at Saint Helena 24 Apr 2026 with gastrointestinal symptoms. Boarded Airlink flight 4Z132 St Helena to Johannesburg on 25 Apr; deteriorated during flight. Briefly boarded KLM flight KL592 Johannesburg to Amsterdam on 25 Apr (~45 min) but removed before takeoff due to medical condition; collapsed at O.R. Tambo airport. Died on arrival at hospital in Kempton Park area on 26 Apr 2026. PCR-confirmed (Andes virus) by NICD South Africa, announced 4 May 2026.
Adult British male reported to be ~69. Role contested: BBC identified him as ship's doctor; Guardian and Spanish Health Ministry describe him as expedition guide/passenger. Presented to ship's doctor on 24 Apr with febrile illness, shortness of breath and pneumonia signs; condition worsened 26 Apr. Medically evacuated from Ascension Island to private facility in Sandton, Johannesburg on 27 Apr 2026. PCR-confirmed by NICD on 2 May 2026 (Andes virus). UPDATE 8 May: Remains in ICU, critical but stable; no change in condition reported.
Adult German female. Onset of symptoms 28 Apr 2026 (fever, malaise) with rapid progression to pneumonia; died on board MV Hondius on 2 May 2026. UPDATE 8 May: Body remains on board pending Tenerife arrival (~10 May); WHO coordinating with Oceanwide for safe storage and transport of remains. Cause of death still officially under investigation; not PCR-confirmed for hantavirus as of 8 May. ECDC TAB classifies her as case 4 — suspected.
Martin Anstee, 56, British national. Identified by The Guardian and NL Times as an expedition guide / former police officer. Symptomatic (fever, fatigue, GI symptoms, shortness of breath). Evacuated by air ambulance from Cape Verde on 6 May 2026; admitted to Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC). PCR-confirmed positive for Andes virus (RIVM-confirmed at LUMC, reported 7 May 2026). UPDATE 8 May: Condition stable; Anstee told Sky News he was 'feeling OK'; in isolation on infectious-diseases ward at LUMC.
65-year-old German woman. Asymptomatic at evacuation; described as a contact of HON-004. Evacuated 6 May 2026 from Cape Verde; transferred to Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf (UKD) isolation ward (one of seven Sonderisolierstationen in Germany). Samples sent to RKI Konsiliarlabor für Hantaviren for Andes virus PCR/serology. UPDATE 8 May: UKD reports 'no hantavirus detected' on initial laboratory testing; remains clinically stable and asymptomatic. Dr. Torsten Feldt (UKD head of tropical medicine): 'We cannot say she is not infected. We have not detected virus.' Isolation continues; incubation period can extend to 8 weeks; RKI reflex testing ongoing.
41-year-old Dutch national, crew member; per The Guardian and Spanish Health Ministry, this is the ship's doctor. Acutely symptomatic on board. Evacuated 6 May by second air ambulance which diverted to Gran Canaria due to electrical fault on the patient's life-support system; arrived at Schiphol morning of 7 May 2026 and admitted to Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc) in Nijmegen. UPDATE 8 May: Radboudumc/RIVM confirmed PCR-positive for hantavirus (Andes virus); standard infection-control in place; hospital stated 'no risk to other patients or visitors.' Brings WHO confirmed total to 5.
Adult Swiss male passenger. Disembarked at Saint Helena 24 Apr 2026; returned to Switzerland end of April. Responded to Oceanwide email alerting passengers; contacted GP and presented to University Hospital Zurich (USZ) where he was immediately isolated. Reference laboratory at Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) confirmed Andes virus. Announced by Swiss FOPH/BAG on 6 May 2026. Reported stable on 6 May with low fever, body aches, cough. Wife asymptomatic, self-isolating as precaution. No new update 8 May.
67-year-old Singapore citizen male. Disembarked early from Hondius; on Airlink flight 4Z132 St Helena to Johannesburg on 25 Apr (same flight as HON-002). Arrived in Singapore 2 May 2026. Isolated at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). Had a runny nose but otherwise well. Notified to Singapore CDA on 4 May 2026. UPDATE 8 May: Tested negative for hantavirus (including Andes virus) on multiple samples per Singapore CDA. Remains in quarantine for 30 days from last exposure with retest before release; 45-day total monitoring period.
65-year-old Singapore Permanent Resident male. Disembarked early from Hondius; on Airlink flight 4Z132 St Helena to Johannesburg on 25 Apr (same flight as HON-002). Arrived in Singapore 6 May 2026. Isolated at NCID. Asymptomatic at time of testing. Notified to Singapore CDA on 5 May 2026. UPDATE 8 May: Tested negative for hantavirus (including Andes virus) on multiple samples per Singapore CDA. Remains in quarantine for 30 days from last exposure with retest before release; 45-day total monitoring period.
KLM flight attendant from Haarlem who worked KLM flight KL592 Johannesburg to Amsterdam on 25 Apr 2026. Developed mild symptoms; admitted to Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC) in isolation on 7 May 2026. UPDATE 8 May: WHO DG Tedros confirmed PCR and serology both negative for Andes/hantavirus. Status: ruled out. Tedros caveat: 'the incubation period is long and although she is negative for now, she might turn positive in the future' — remains under monitoring. Two other symptomatic KL592 passengers also tested negative on 7 May. Identified by GGD Kennemerland among 5 high-risk contacts on KL592.
Third British national reported by UKHSA on 8 May 2026 as a suspected hantavirus case on Tristan da Cunha (where MV Hondius docked 13–15 Apr 2026). UKHSA and UK Minister for Overseas Territories Stephen Doughty formally describe patient as a British male islander, hospitalised on Tristan da Cunha. Spouse isolating. PCR result NOT yet available — Tristan has very limited diagnostic capacity; samples must be transported off-island. UK MoD delivered PCR diagnostic supplies to Ascension Island via military plane on 7 May to support testing.
32-year-old Spanish woman resident in Alicante. Seated two rows behind HON-002 on KLM flight KL592 (Johannesburg to Amsterdam, 25 Apr 2026; ~45-minute boarding period before HON-002 was removed at gate). Symptoms: cough and general malaise. Transferred to negative-pressure isolation room at a hospital in Alicante province. PCR sample sent to Centro Nacional de Microbiología (ISCIII, Majadahonda); results expected within 24–48 hours. Spanish Secretary of State for Health Javier Padilla described it as 'a pretty unlikely case.'
One French national identified by the French Ministère de la Santé as a close contact of HON-002 on the 25 Apr 2026 Airlink flight Saint Helena to Johannesburg. In isolation in France with diagnostic tests under way. Single individually-identifiable contact among 8 French nationals. UPDATE 8 May: Earlier reports of mild symptoms appear to have been a translation error per Gizmodo/WHO press office correction (7 May); French officials now describe all 8 as monitored contact cases only. No confirmed Hondius-related infection in France as of 8 May.
2026-05-08
新闻动态
共 36 条 · 每 30 分钟刷新
WHO chief says Hantavirus outbreak ‘is not COVID’ Al Jazeera
U.S. outlines plan to monitor Americans returning from hantavirus-hit ship The Washington Post
Hantavirus cruise outbreak: What's next for US passengers FOX 26 Houston
Spanish island braces for hantavirus cruise ship as WHO urges calm NBC News
Cruise ships deal with norovirus and hantavirus infections WPLG Local 10
Countries prepare to evacuate hantavirus ship passengers Reuters
17 American passengers aboard hantavirus-hit cruise ship will quarantine in Nebraska NBC News
Cruise ship at center of hantavirus outbreak set to arrive in Canary Islands CBS News
With fears of hantavirus outbreak, here's the real pandemic risk USA Today
Hantavirus Cruise Passengers Will Disembark Sunday (Latest Updates) Forbes
Cruise ship outbreak of rare hantavirus raises fears of person-to-person spread Earth.com
WHO chief reassures Tenerife residents ahead of hantavirus cruise ship arrival BBC
'This is not another COVID': WHO head reassures Tenerife residents before hantavirus cruise ship arrives CBC
'This is not another COVID': WHO seeks to reassure Spanish island as hantavirus-stricken ship approaches Los Angeles Times
UK passengers on hantavirus-hit cruise to be flown to Merseyside for quarantine The Guardian
17 Americans from hantavirus-stricken cruise ship to quarantine in Nebraska: officials KOMO
Texas epidemiologist: Hantavirus isn’t like COVID Texas Public Radio | TPR
WHO director arrives in Canary Islands to oversee hantavirus cruise evacuation: "This disease is not COVID" CBS News
Onboard the hantavirus-stricken cruise ship, in photos New Haven Register
Spanish island braces for hantavirus cruise ship as WHO urges calm amid protests NBC News
Spain Hantavirus Ship Journal-News.com
Should we be worried about the hantavirus outbreak? Al Jazeera
‘Empty and vapid’ CDC finally responds to hantavirus outbreak. But experts say it’s too little, too late The Guardian
US sending charter flight to bring Americans home from hantavirus cruise ship BBC
Hantavirus-infected ship set to arrive in Canary Islands overnight, WHO promises: 'this is not another COVID' New York Post
Hantavirus cruise ship nears Canary Islands as passengers await evacuation NewsNation
Cruise ship with deadly hantavirus to evacuate passengers near Spain USA Today
17 Americans on board cruise ship with Hantavirus outbreak to be taken to Nebraska for isolation MS NOW
Medical epidemiologist explains what to know about the cruise ship hantavirus outbreak PBS
All 17 Americans aboard hantavirus cruise ship will quarantine in Nebraska. Here's why. ABC10
All 17 Americans aboard hantavirus cruise ship may quarantine in Nebraska KVUE
17 Americans aboard hantavirus cruise ship may quarantine in Nebraska KGW
Hantavirus timeline: how a little-known virus became a global outbreak New York Post
'The CDC is not even a player.' As hantavirus outbreak unfolds on ship, agency is MIA, experts say Los Angeles Times
Cruise ship stricken with hantavirus heads for Tenerife Al Jazeera
Americans to be evacuated from Hantavirus cruise ship as global health chief travels to quarantine island Fox News